ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To study the mechanism of Periplaneta americana extract degreasing cream and CⅡ-3（shorted for “degreasing cream ”and“CⅡ-3”）reversing the multi-drug resistance of human HepG 2/ADM cells. METHODS ：MTT assay was used to investigate the toxicity effects of different concentrations of sorafenib （positive control ），degreasing cream and C Ⅱ-3 on HepG2/ADM cells ，then IC 20 was calculated. The experiment was divided into sensitivity drug ，drug-resistance group ，sorafenib group，degreasing cream group and C Ⅱ-3 group. HepG 2 cells were included in sensitivity group ，and HepG 2/ADM cells were included in the latter 4 groups. Sensitivity group and drug-resistance group were treated with routine medium ，and other 3 groups were treated with relevant medicine （IC20 as drug concentration ）. The content of ADM in HepG 2/ADM cells was determined by Laser scanning confocal microscopy. The expression of apoptosis-related protein as Bcl- 2 and Cleaved-Caspase- 9 p37 were detected by Western blotting assay. RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry were adopted to detect mRNA and protein expressions that related to multidrug resistance [P-gp （expression produce of MDR1 gene），LRP，BCRP] and that related to enzyme-mediated multidrug resistance pathway （GST-π and Topo Ⅱ）. RESULTS ：The IC 20 of degreasing cream ，CⅡ-3 and sorafenib were （2.40±0.16）， （200.44±27.52），（18.00±1.82）μg/mL，respectively. Compared with sensitivity group ，the protein expressions of Bcl- 2，P-gp， LRP，BCRP and Topo Ⅱ，the mRNA expressions of MDR 1， LRP，BCRP and GST-π were increased significantly in drug resistance group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with @qq.com drug-resistance group ，the mRNA and protein expression of MDR1 mRNA and LRP ，BCRP，GST-π were significantly decreased in degreasing cream group and C Ⅱ-3 group（P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01）；the protein expression of Bcl- 2 and the mRNA expression of Topo Ⅱ were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）， while the protein expression level of Cleaved-Caspase- 9 p37 was significantly increased in C Ⅱ -3 group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：Degreasing cream and C Ⅱ-3 can reverse multidrug resistance of HepG 2/ADM cells by reducing drug efflux ， promoting cell apoptosis ，reducing the mRNA and protein expression of multi-drug resistance gene as well as gene in enzyme-mediated multi-drug resistance pathway. The effect of C Ⅱ-3 is better than that of degreasing cream.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the imaging findings and pathological basis of seminoma and improve the understanding and diagnostic accuracy.Methods The imaging findings of seminoma in 67 patients proved by histopathology were analyzed retrospectively.The tumor location,size,contour,periphery,density or signal and contrast enhancement patterns were evaluated,and these were compared with the pathological results.Results All of the 67 cases were male.46 cases were located in testicular,10 cases in the pelvic cavity,6 cases in the peritoneal and retroperitoneal,4 cases in the mediastinum,1 case in the brain.On non-enhanced CT,testicular lesions appeared to be nodular or lobular masses with clear margin.Some cases showed cystic-solid masses.And the solid component was located in the edge of the lesion,and the irregular necrosis areas of low density was located in the center.Fat and calcification component were not found in the mass.After contrast administration,the masses showed heterogeneous enhancement.The thickened and tortuous testicular arteries were seen in 11 cases in arterial phase,and thickened and twisted testicular veins were seen in 9 cases in the venous phase.The imaging findings of the mass at the other location were without features.Conclusion Testicular seminoma has significant characteristics,thickened testicular arteries and/or draining veins on enhanced CT can help the diagnosis.Imaging features of extragonadal primary seminoma are not characteristic.Combined with clinical history and signs,it is possible to improve the diagnostiic accuracy of seminoma.